Infertility Tests
There can be numerous causes of infertility in both the male and female. In fact, some degree of male factor infertility is present in 47% of infertile couples. Infertility tests assess the processes that must occur for pregnancy to result. A detailed discussion of each of the common infertility tests can be viewed by following the links at the bottom of this page.
First, the male must produce sufficient sperm that are capable of fertilizing an egg. These sperm must be ejaculated and travel to the site of fertilization. The semen analysis examines the quantity and quality of sperm.
The female must produce eggs that will fertilize and they must be ovulated during her monthly cycles. Various tests, such as progesterone hormone measurements, assess whether or not ovulation is occurring. Other tests, such as the clomiphene citrate challenge test, determine the ovarian reserve or the likelihood that the eggs will fertilize. Cycle day 3 measurements of FSH and LH also help determine the likely “quality” of the eggs.
The eggs must travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus. Tests such as the hysterosalpingogram determine if the tubes are open and free of obstruction. The uterus must be normally shaped and free of fibroids, polyps or deformities. The hysteroscopy and hysterosonogram allow the physician to view the inside of the uterus.
The laparoscopy is performed to view and evaluate the reproductive organs. Many times conditions, such as endometriosis, can be treated during the diagnostic laparoscopy.