Timothy D. Howard, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

B.S. (Biology), 1990 Wake Forest University
M.S. (Medical Genetics), 1992 Bowman Gray School of Medicine
Ph.D. (Molecular Genetics), 1996 Bowman Gray School of Medicine

Postdoctoral training:
1996-1997: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1997-1998: University of Maryland, Baltimore

Selected Publications

Howard TD, Paznekas WA, Green ED, Chiang LC, Ma N, Ortiz De Luna RI, Delgado CG, Gonzalez-Ramos M, Kline AD, Jabs EW. Mutations in TWIST, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Nat Gen 1997; 15:36-41.

Howard TD, Guttmacher AE, McKinnon W, McKusick VA, Sharma M, Jabs EW. Autosomal dominant postaxial polydactyly, onychodystrophy, and tooth abnormalities map to chromosome 4p16 near the Ellis-van Creveld locus. Am J Hum Gen 1997; 61:1405-1412.

Paznekas WA, Cunningham ML, Howard TD, Korf BR, Lipson MH, Grix AW, Feingold M, Goldberg R, Borochowitz Z, Aleck K, Mulliken J, Yin M, Jabs EW. Genetic Heterogeneity of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome due to TWIST and FGFR mutations. Am J of Hum Gen 1998; 62:1370-1380.

Howard TD, Bleecker ER, Stine OC. Fluorescent allele-specific PCR (FAS-PCR) Improves reliability and allows for high-throughput screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms. 1999;26:380-381.

Ober C, Willadsen SA, Tsalenko A, Howard TD, Hoki D, Daniel R, Newman D, Fryer J, Brott M, Parry R, Lester LA, Solway J, Blumenthal M, King R, Xu J, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Cox N. Variation in the interleukin 4 receptor a gene confers susceptibility to asthma and atopy in ethnically diverse populations. Am J Human Genetics 2000;66:517-526.

Xu J, Postma DS, Howard TD, Koppelman GH, Zheng SL, Stine OC, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA. Major Genes Regulating Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels in Families with Asthma. Am J Hum Genet. 2000;67:1163-1173.

Koppelman GH, Reijmerink NE, Colin Stine O, Howard TD, Whittaker PA, Meyers DA, Postma DS, Bleecker ER. Association of a promoter polymorphism of the CD14 gene and atopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163(4):965-969.

Xu J, Meyers DA, Ober C, Blumenthal MN, Mellen B, Barnes KC, King RA, Lester LA, Howard TD, Solway J, Langefeld CD, Beaty TH, Rich SS, Bleecker ER, Cox NJ, and the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma. Genomewide Screen and Identification of Gene-Gene Interactions for Asthma-Susceptibility Loci in Three U.S. Populations: Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2001;68:1437-1446.

Howard TD, Whittaker PA, Zaiman AL, Koppelman GH, Xu J, Hanley MH, Meyers DA, Postma DS, Bleecker ER. Identification and Association of Polymorphisms in the Interleukin 13 Gene with Asthma and Atopy in a Dutch Population. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 25(3):377-384.

Howard TD, Koppelman GH, Xu J, Zheng SL, Postma DS, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER. Gene-Gene Interaction in Asthma: IL4RA and IL13 in an Asthmatic Dutch Population. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:230-236.

Herrington DM, Howard TD, Hawkins GA, Reboussin DM, Xu J, Zheng SL, McDonnell DP, Li X, Brosnihan KB, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER. Estrogen Receptor Polymorphisms and Effects of Estrogen Replacement on HDL Cholesterol in Women with Established Coronary Disease. N Eng J Med. In press.